Hanae of Awa

Rural midwife and indigo dyer · Tokugawa rural composite

Hanae of Awa is represented within approximately 1750–1850 CE and Tokugawa Japan; rural Awa indigo, household, midwifery, and market networks. Research Awa indigo production and regional trade; sukumo and dye processes with terminology precision; tenant, household, merchant, and domain relations; taxation and credit; women’s agricultural and textile work; midwifery manuals and oral practice; childbirth risk; Buddhist, shrine, household, and medical contexts; rangaku and Chinese-derived medicine as locally relevant; famine, migration, status groups, and early Meiji transition.